Africa

The news of this spring 2026 has dispelled an illusion that has structured Western economic thinking for more than three decades: that of an interdependent world but fundamentally stabilized by trade, finance, technology and institutions. The war that spread around Iran recalled that globalization had not abolished geopolitics; It had simply made it more diffuse, more systemic, and potentially more devastating.

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Often presented as a democratic exception in Africa, Senegal has a rare image of political stability on the continent. Civil alternations, lack of military coups d'état, intellectual and religious vitality: the picture seems flattering. Yet, behind this reassuring institutional facade, the country gives the feeling of a deep stalemate. Stability without transformation, democracy without refounding, social peace without collective projection.

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Every year, the Senegalese diaspora transfers more than 1,500 billion CFA francs to the country — the equivalent of more than ten per cent of the national gross domestic product. A sum that exceeds the combined budget of several ministries, which eclipses official development assistance, and which should, logically, act as a lever for structural transformation. However, the Senegalese economy is turning around. The circle of dependence continues. And the diaspora, tired of being reduced to an ATM function, begins to question the meaning of its sacrifice.

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In human history there are transmissions from generation to generation: cultivated lands, modern languages, standing architectures, accumulated knowledge, stone-built institutions. Even devastating wars left behind a physically intact world, quick to regenerate. What the baby boomer generation is about to bequeath is another nature — and another gravity: an unprecedented global liability, fractured ecosystems, a destabilized climate, dilapidated resources, and a bill that succeeding generations will pay without ever having signed a cheque.

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For more than thirty years, international investment arbitration has been a discrete but decisive pillar of legal globalization. Presented as a technical dispute settlement mechanism, ISDS (Investor-State Dispute Settlement) is in fact a global legal power relationship in which African States occupy a position of structural vulnerability.

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Some voices do not only sing: they accuse, question, hurt and console in the same breath. Nina Simone's voice belongs to this rare category. Grave, vibrant, almost telluric, it seems to arise from the depths of history to remind that art can be both pure beauty and instrument of combat.

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In contemporary conflicts, war is no longer confined to the battlefields. It is also played in the minds. Armed forces are competing on the ground, but governments, intelligence services and communications equipment are competing in another equally strategic area: information.

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Western powers, particularly the United States, are willing to present themselves as the guardians of democracy, human rights and international order. They denounce authoritarian regimes, stigmatize massive violations of freedoms and brandish international law as a moral compass of the international community. Yet when we observe the long history of international relations ... Read more

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When aid, donation and infrastructure become the vectors for organised underdevelopment The semantic trap of cooperation The word cooperation has an almost indisputable positive moral burden. He refers to mutual aid, solidarity, sharing of interests and the reassuring idea of common progress. Applied to Africa, it has been imposed since independence as a discursive pillar of development ... Read more

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Democracy, victim of slow and administered death Contemporary democracies no longer collapse as in the past. They do not necessarily fall under the blows of an insidious general, nor on the brutal night of a military coup. They gradually weaken, by wear and tear, by slipping, by diverting their own mechanisms. They continue to organize elections, to make ... Read more

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