Europe

For Malcolm, racism is not a moral accident; It is consubstantial to an economic system based on the historical exploitation of black bodies. He criticizes the strategy of gradual integration. He refuses the patience of the oppressed.

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In the age of hashtags and the economy of attention, the counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s arouses a critical nostalgia. What remains of the rebellion?

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There are men whose existence seems too short to contain the intensity of their thought. fulgurant lives, crossed by sickness, war, exile, but leaving behind a trail of fire. Frantz Fanon belongs to this rare category.Born in 1925 in Fort-de-France, Martinique, who died in 1961 at the age of 36 in the United States, he condensed into a decade of writing and engagement a work whose theoretical power, moral radicality and prophetic lucidity continue to enlighten our time.

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In modern imperial history, it is necessary to distinguish two logics which sometimes intersect, but whose purpose is not the same. The colonization of exploitation seeks first to control resource flows (mines, plantations, trade) based on light administration and local intermediaries. Settlement settlement, however, aims at a more radical transformation: the sustainable transfer of a population from the metropolis, the establishment of stable communities, the establishment of institutions and, above all, the reconfiguration of the land and political order of the territory. This model has had its most striking expressions in the Americas and Australia, but it is also seen in other areas where the European implantation wanted to last and reproduce.

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We live in a time of great contradiction. Humanity has never had as many resources, technological tools, means of communication and capacities for collective organization. Yet, in the richest societies, phenomena that seemed to have to go backwards with progress: depression, loneliness, anxiety, existential fatigue, loss of meaning. The World Happiness Report 2026 clearly highlights this paradox: the most developed countries are not immune to ill-being, and among young people in Western countries, subjective well-being has deteriorated markedly over the past fifteen years. This observation obliges us to reopen a fundamental question: what is a developed society, if it succeeds in protecting the bodies but increasingly struggles to feed life?

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In 2021, a new promise was made in the public debate: the metavers, presented as the next major change in the digital environment. This vision, powered by Silicon Valley giants and embodied by Mark Zuckerberg, aimed to create a global virtual space, persistent, immersive, where our interactions would be as natural as those of the real world.

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In the shadow of today's conflicts, an implacable mechanics has reactivated. Military budgets are exploding, factories are running at full speed, algorithms are learning to kill remotely, while poverty, disease and ignorance remain the silent emergencies of billions of human beings. The war, once assumed tragedy, turned into an industrial process, a technological laboratory and a commercial showcase. This text is neither a naive pacifist manifesto nor an easy moral condemnation: it is a lucid argument against a world which, in the name of its security, seems to have lost the sense of limit, responsibility and human.

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Each international crisis, every armed conflict, every massive violation of human rights, the same vocabulary returns as an incantatory ritual: international law, international community, United Nations, peacekeeping. Yet, behind these words full of history and norms, the dominant feeling is that of profound impotence. Wars multiply, civilians pay...

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There are times when a society no longer debates: it reacts. The word is faster than thought, the emotion is more perforative than argument, and the opinion is more coercive than the law.In these sequences, the rumor becomes a political accelerator, the social networks an echo chamber, vindicts a mode of regulation, and the public leaders of anxious seismographs: they capture vibration, deduce a direction, and then attempt to align the right.

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Senegal has been going through a recurring sequence for several years, where a question of morals becomes a brutal revealing of the whole social system: the relationship between religion and the State, the place of collective emotion, the role of the media, the function of opinion leaders, political reflexes, the capacity of institutions to hold the line between public order and human dignity.

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